Lexicon

Abject
Accretion
Actant
Aeration
Aerobic
Algae-boosted
Animal
Anthropomorphism
Anti-Continuous Construction
Apocalypse
Aquaculture
Aquanaut
Ark
Artificial Intelligence
Autopoiesis
Assemblages
Asymmetry
Atrophy
Attraction
Autarchy
Automata
Automation
Autosymbiosis
Bambassador
Bathyscaphe
Bioconurbation
Biomedia
Bionics
Biosphere
Biotechnique
By-product
Capacity
Actant
Coisolation
Composting
Conservative Surgery
Consumer Envelope
Consumption
Continuous Construction
Conurbation
Correalism
Cultural_Memory
Cybernetics
Cybertecture
Cyborg
Dispositif
Diving Saucer
Dross
Earthship
Ecocatastrophe
Effluvium
Egosphere
End-use
Entanglement
Eutopia
Feedback
Foam
Folk
Gadget
Garbage House
Green Cyborg
Heuristic
Hoard
Holism
Homogenization of Desire
Hostile
Human Affect
Hybridized Folk
Hydroponic
Hyper-Materialism
Information Economy
Inner Space
Interama
Intra-Uterine
Maque
Megalopolis
Min-use
Mobility
Monorail
Multi-Hinge
Non-Design
Oceanaut
Oppositional Consciousness
Organic
Ouroboros
Panarchy
Parasite
Perceived Continuation
Permanence
Place
Prototype
Post-Animal
Reclamation
RI: Data Farms
RI: Garbage and Animals
RI:Shipbreaking
RI: Toxic Sublime
Sampling
Scale
Sensing Structure
Simulacrum
Simulation
Soft Energy
Spaceship Earth
Submersible
Superwindow
Symbiosis
Synthetic Environment
Technocratic
Technological Heredity
Technological Sublime
Telechirics
The Sublime
Thermal Panel
Actant
Thing-Power
Thinking Machines
Tool
Toxic Withdrawal
Turbulence
UV-Transparent Film
Vibrant Matter
Waste
Work

ENCLOSED CITY

Initially the concept of enclosed city was based on the collection of research in the field of geology, ecology and biology, to distinguish the imaged and real environment in space. It was to serve as the model for ecological design for Earthly landscapes and buildings in 1970s. At that time, admirers who hold an Arcadian dream of building in harmony with nature embedded the biologically informed vision into the ecological design, which has not drawn connections to space exploration. 1 The aim of ecology and space research was on two titles, not only to improve life on earth but also to design an escape from the industrial society, based on the widely shared idea of ecological crisis among ecological architects. They are caused by laissez-faire economy, individualism, western capitalist greed and chaotic urbanization, fragmentation of social structure, and lack of planning that industrial society was doomed and their task was to design bio-shelters or eco-arks modelled on space cabins in which one could survive if (or rather when) the Earth turned into a dead planet. 2 Enclosed environment was practically about the biological survival in the sacrifice of wider cultural, aesthetic and social values of the humanist legacy to achieve the level of self-sufficiency with the autonomous servicing of permanent and temporary communities. The research and application of enclosed system has developed a fairly sophisticated technology as commandos in harsh territories or astronauts in future colonies. 3

Serge Chermayeff and Christopher Alexander were the first architects relating the importance of space research into ecological design. In their book, Community and Privacy (1963), they noted the environmental erosion of human habitat through the invasion by suburbia of farmland and wildness and proposed to build won autonomous ecologies instead of exploiting the natural one. As a source of inspiration they pointed out that 'both the nuclear submarine and the space capsule have been designed to support life over protracted periods without the possibility of escape'. 4 One of the practioners was Richard Buckminster Full, adopt space ecology as his chief approach with cabin ecology to explore the solution for environmental problems on Earth. Then the economist Kenneth Boulding was inspired from his lecture as the first people to attempt to apply cabin ecology to macroeconomics. Then it has become a standard reference for eco-friendly economic theorists. 5 And it became a key term in UN vocabulary to discuss the environmental and ecology problem.

Then in the practice of various artificial biosphere experiments, these are implemented on a small scale to enclose only one or a few inhabitants for a short time, the insulating characteristics of the boundary create an isolating condition. Pro. Lydia Kallipoliti identifies a connection between the closed circulatory environments of the space age to the cell environments of Peter Sloterdijk:

"This spatial paradigm, similar to the bubble space of the astronaut's suit, can be described as an "ego-sphere" that, according to Peter Sloterdijk, alludes to a novel territorial paradigm of the 20th century: modern individualism. Humans may claim their own space around the immediate proximity of their physical bodies and become their own planets." 6

Citations
1 Dean Hawkes, The Environmental Tradition: Studies in the Architecture of Environment (London, Spon Press, 1996); Colin Porteous, The New Eco-Architecture: Alternatives from the Modern Movement (London, Spon Press, 2002); Christine Macy and Sarah Bonnemaison, Architecture and Nature (New York, Routledge, 2003).
2 Peder Anker, "The Closed World of Ecological Architecture," in The Journal of Architecture, Vol.10, No. 5 (2005), pp. 2.
3 Peder Anker, "The Closed World of Ecological Architecture," in The Journal of Architecture, Vol.10, No. 5 (2005), pp. 5.
4 Serge Chermayeff and Christopher Alexander, Community and Privacy (New York, Doubleday, 1963), pp. 46– 47. On the importance of suburban sprawl to environmental debate see Adam Rome, The Bulldozer in the Countryside (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2001).
5 Peder Anker, "The Ecological Colonization of Space," in Environmental History (April 2005), pp. 7.
6 Lydia Kallipoliti, "Return to Earth: Feedback Houses," The Cornell Journal of Architecture, Issue 8: RE (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 2011), pp. 4.